Konstantino Jewelry Review: is it The Real Deal or A Sham?

When it comes to jewelry, finding a brand that combines exquisite craftsmanship with timeless designs can be a challenge. One brand that has been gaining attention in recent years is Konstantino. Known for their intricate detailing and use of high-quality materials, Konstantino jewelry has become a favorite among jewelry enthusiasts.

But is Konstantino jewelry really worth the hype? In this review, we will take a closer look at the brand’s history, materials used, and overall quality to determine if it’s the real deal or just another overpriced sham.

Founded in 1988 by Konstantino Sioulas, a Greek designer with a passion for jewelry making, Konstantino quickly gained a reputation for its unique designs inspired by Greek mythology and art. Each piece is handcrafted by skilled artisans in Greece, ensuring that no two pieces are exactly alike.

One of the standout features of Konstantino jewelry is the attention to detail. From the intricate engravings to the use of semi-precious gemstones, every piece is meticulously crafted to perfection. The brand also prides itself on using only the finest materials, including sterling silver and 18k gold, ensuring that each piece is not only beautiful but also durable.

“Konstantino jewelry is not just a piece of jewelry, it is a work of art,” says one satisfied customer. “The craftsmanship and attention to detail are truly exceptional. I love how each piece tells a story and has its own unique character.”

While Konstantino jewelry may come with a higher price tag compared to other brands, the quality and craftsmanship justify the cost. Whether you’re looking for a statement piece or a timeless everyday accessory, Konstantino jewelry is sure to make a lasting impression.

The Legacy of Konstantino Jewelry: History and Background

Konstantino Sioulas, the mastermind behind Konstantino Jewelry, has been creating exquisite pieces since 1994. Inspired by his Greek heritage and the rich history of his homeland, Sioulas combines traditional craftsmanship with contemporary design to create unique and timeless jewelry.

Each piece of Konstantino Jewelry is meticulously handcrafted in Athens, Greece, by skilled artisans who have inherited their craft through generations. The brand is known for its attention to detail, intricate designs, and the use of high-quality materials.

Sioulas draws inspiration from various sources, including ancient Greek mythology, Byzantine architecture, and the natural beauty of Greece. The result is a collection that is both elegant and bold, featuring intricate engravings, stunning gemstones, and unique motifs.

Over the years, Konstantino Jewelry has gained a loyal following and has become a favorite among celebrities, fashion enthusiasts, and collectors worldwide. The brand has been featured in prestigious publications and has graced the red carpets of major events.

What sets Konstantino Jewelry apart is not only its exceptional craftsmanship but also its commitment to preserving Greek heritage. Sioulas takes pride in supporting local artisans and keeping traditional techniques alive. Each piece of jewelry tells a story and is a testament to the rich cultural history of Greece.

Whether it’s a statement ring, a delicate necklace, or a pair of stunning earrings, Konstantino Jewelry is more than just an accessory. It is a work of art that captures the beauty and essence of Greece, allowing wearers to carry a piece of history with them.

In conclusion, the legacy of Konstantino Jewelry is rooted in its rich history, exquisite craftsmanship, and dedication to preserving Greek heritage. Each piece is a testament to the brand’s commitment to creating timeless and meaningful jewelry that resonates with its wearers.

Konstantino Quality and Craftsmanship

Konstantino is known for its exceptional quality and craftsmanship in creating stunning jewelry pieces. Each piece is meticulously handcrafted by skilled artisans in Greece, ensuring that every detail is perfect.

The brand uses only the finest materials, such as sterling silver and 18-karat gold, as well as precious gemstones and pearls. Konstantino incorporates traditional Greek techniques, including hand-engraving and granulation, to create intricate designs and textures that are truly unique.

One of the standout features of Konstantino jewelry is the attention to detail. Each piece is carefully finished and polished, resulting in a high-quality and luxurious look. The brand’s commitment to quality is evident in the durability of its jewelry, making it suitable for everyday wear.

Another aspect that sets Konstantino apart is its timeless designs. The brand draws inspiration from Greek mythology, history, and art, creating pieces that are not only beautiful but also meaningful. Whether it’s a necklace adorned with ancient symbols or a ring featuring intricate filigree work, Konstantino jewelry is sure to make a statement.

Customers who have purchased Konstantino jewelry rave about its exceptional quality and attention to detail. Many describe the pieces as heirloom-worthy and note that they receive compliments whenever they wear them. The brand’s dedication to craftsmanship and design is evident in every piece, making it a trusted choice for those seeking exquisite jewelry.

In conclusion, Konstantino offers top-notch quality and craftsmanship in its jewelry creations. From the choice of materials to the intricate designs, every aspect is carefully considered to ensure that each piece is a work of art. If you’re looking for jewelry that combines luxury, beauty, and meaning, Konstantino is definitely the real deal.

Variety of Jewelry Designs and Products

Konstantino Jewelry offers a wide range of stunning designs and products for jewelry enthusiasts. Whether you are looking for a statement piece or something more delicate and understated, Konstantino has something to suit every taste and style.

One of the standout features of Konstantino’s jewelry collection is the variety of designs available. From intricate filigree work to bold, modern designs, there is no shortage of options to choose from. The attention to detail and craftsmanship is evident in every piece, making them truly unique and special.

In addition to the diverse range of designs, Konstantino also offers a variety of jewelry types. From rings and bracelets to necklaces and earrings, there are pieces available for every part of your ensemble. Whether you are dressing up for a special occasion or looking for an everyday piece to elevate your style, Konstantino has you covered.

Furthermore, Konstantino’s jewelry is crafted using high-quality materials, ensuring that each piece not only looks beautiful but also stands the test of time. From sterling silver and gold to gemstones and pearls, the materials used are carefully selected to create stunning and durable pieces.

Overall, the variety of jewelry designs and products offered by Konstantino is impressive. With their attention to detail, craftsmanship, and use of high-quality materials, their jewelry collection is a true reflection of luxury and elegance.

Affordable Pricing Options

Konstantino Jewelry offers a wide range of affordable pricing options to suit every budget. Whether you are looking for a statement piece or a delicate everyday accessory, there is something for everyone.

The pricing of Konstantino Jewelry is transparent and fair, ensuring that you get the best value for your money. The brand believes in providing high-quality pieces at accessible prices, without compromising on the craftsmanship or materials used.

From stunning rings and earrings to elegant necklaces and bracelets, Konstantino Jewelry offers a variety of options at different price points. Whether you are a first-time buyer or a seasoned collector, there is a piece that will fit your budget.

In addition to their affordable pricing, Konstantino Jewelry also offers special promotions and discounts throughout the year. This allows customers to enjoy even more savings on their favorite pieces.

Furthermore, Konstantino Jewelry offers excellent customer service, ensuring that you have a smooth and pleasant shopping experience. Their team is always ready to assist you with any questions or concerns you may have regarding pricing or any other aspect of your purchase.

Overall, Konstantino Jewelry’s affordable pricing options make it a great choice for anyone looking to add a touch of elegance and luxury to their jewelry collection without breaking the bank.

Shipping and Returns Policies

At Konstantino Jewelry, we strive to provide a seamless shopping experience for our customers. We offer worldwide shipping to ensure that our jewelry reaches you no matter where you are located.

Shipping within the United States is free on all orders. For international orders, shipping fees will be calculated at checkout based on the destination and weight of the package. Please note that international customers are responsible for any customs duties or taxes that may apply.

Once your order has been placed, please allow 1-2 business days for processing. We ship all orders via FedEx or USPS, depending on the destination and shipping method selected at checkout. Shipping times may vary depending on your location, but you can expect your package to arrive within 5-7 business days for domestic orders and 7-14 business days for international orders.

In the unlikely event that you are not completely satisfied with your purchase, we offer a hassle-free return policy. You may return your unworn jewelry within 30 days of receipt for a full refund or exchange. Please note that personalized and engraved items are non-returnable.

To initiate a return, please contact our customer service team at [email protected]. We will provide you with a return authorization number and further instructions on how to proceed. Please ensure that the jewelry is securely packaged and include the return authorization number on the package.

Once we receive your return, please allow 3-5 business days for processing. Refunds will be issued to the original form of payment. Please note that shipping fees are non-refundable.

If you have any further questions or concerns regarding our shipping and returns policies, please don’t hesitate to contact our customer service team. We are here to assist you and ensure that you have a positive shopping experience with Konstantino Jewelry.

Care and Maintenance of Konstantino Jewelry

Proper care and maintenance of your Konstantino jewelry is essential to keep it looking beautiful and in pristine condition for years to come. Here are some tips to help you take care of your precious pieces:

1. Cleaning: Regularly clean your Konstantino jewelry using a soft, lint-free cloth to remove any dirt or oils that may have accumulated. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials as they can damage the delicate designs and gemstones.

2. Storage: When not wearing your Konstantino jewelry, store it in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Consider storing each piece separately to prevent scratches or tangling.

3. Avoid exposure: Avoid exposing your Konstantino jewelry to harsh chemicals, such as chlorine, perfume, or hairspray, as they can cause discoloration or damage to the metal and gemstones. Remove your jewelry before swimming, showering, or engaging in any activities that may expose it to these substances.

4. Be gentle: When wearing your Konstantino jewelry, be mindful of any activities that may put excessive stress or pressure on the piece. Avoid wearing it while participating in sports or any activities that may cause it to be hit or knocked against hard surfaces.

5. Professional cleaning: It is recommended to have your Konstantino jewelry professionally cleaned and inspected by a jeweler at least once a year. This will help ensure that any loose gemstones are tightened, and any potential issues are addressed before they become major problems.

By following these care and maintenance tips, you can preserve the beauty and quality of your Konstantino jewelry for generations to come.

Warranty and Repair Services

When it comes to purchasing jewelry, having a reliable warranty and repair service is essential. Konstantino Jewelry understands the importance of customer satisfaction and stands behind the quality of their pieces.

Every piece of jewelry from Konstantino comes with a warranty that covers any manufacturing defects. This warranty ensures that you can enjoy your jewelry without having to worry about any unexpected issues. If you encounter any problems with your Konstantino jewelry due to manufacturing defects, you can contact their customer service team for assistance.

In addition to their warranty, Konstantino also offers repair services. If your jewelry gets damaged or needs any repairs, you can rely on their skilled craftsmen to restore it to its original beauty. Whether it’s fixing a broken chain, replacing a missing stone, or resizing a ring, Konstantino’s repair services are designed to meet your needs.

It’s important to note that any repairs needed due to normal wear and tear may incur a fee. However, the cost of the repair will be determined on a case-by-case basis, and their customer service team will provide you with all the necessary information.

Overall, Konstantino Jewelry’s warranty and repair services demonstrate their commitment to providing excellent customer service. With their warranty, you can have peace of mind knowing that your jewelry is protected against any manufacturing defects. And if you ever need any repairs, their skilled craftsmen will ensure that your jewelry is restored to its original beauty.

Konstantino Quality and Craftsmanship

When it comes to jewelry, quality and craftsmanship are key factors to consider. Konstantino Jewelry is known for its exceptional quality and attention to detail, making each piece a true work of art.

Every piece of Konstantino Jewelry is handcrafted by skilled artisans in Greece. The brand takes pride in using traditional techniques passed down through generations, ensuring that each piece is made with precision and care.

The materials used in Konstantino Jewelry are of the highest quality. The brand sources only the finest gemstones, including diamonds, sapphires, and tourmalines, to create stunning and vibrant pieces. The metals used, such as sterling silver and 18k gold, are also of the highest quality, ensuring durability and longevity.

One of the standout features of Konstantino Jewelry is the intricate designs. Each piece is adorned with intricate details, such as filigree work and hand-engraved patterns. The attention to detail is evident in every piece, making them truly unique and exquisite.

Furthermore, Konstantino Jewelry is known for its commitment to ethical practices. The brand ensures that all materials used are ethically sourced, and their production processes are environmentally friendly.

Overall, Konstantino Jewelry offers exceptional quality and craftsmanship. Each piece is a testament to the brand’s dedication to creating timeless and beautiful jewelry that will be cherished for years to come.

Use of high-quality materials

Konstantino Jewelry is known for its commitment to using only the highest quality materials in their designs. Each piece is crafted with meticulous attention to detail and the use of precious metals such as sterling silver and 18k gold. The brand also incorporates exquisite gemstones, including diamonds, pearls, and colorful semi-precious stones.

By using these premium materials, Konstantino Jewelry ensures that their pieces not only look stunning but also stand the test of time. The durability and longevity of their jewelry make it a worthwhile investment for anyone looking to add a touch of luxury to their collection.

In addition to the use of high-quality materials, Konstantino Jewelry takes pride in its artisanal craftsmanship. Each piece is handcrafted by skilled artisans in Greece, combining traditional techniques with modern designs. This attention to detail and craftsmanship further enhances the overall quality and beauty of the jewelry.

When purchasing Konstantino Jewelry, customers can be confident that they are investing in a piece that is made with the utmost care and expertise. The brand’s dedication to using high-quality materials and craftsmanship sets it apart from other jewelry brands and ensures that each piece is truly a work of art.

Attention to detail in design

One of the standout features of Konstantino Jewelry is their meticulous attention to detail in design. Each piece is carefully crafted with precision and artistry, resulting in stunning and unique jewelry that is truly one-of-a-kind.

The designers at Konstantino Jewelry pay close attention to every aspect of their creations, from the choice of materials to the placement of each individual stone. They take great care in ensuring that every element of the design complements and enhances the overall aesthetic.

Whether it’s a delicate filigree pattern, an intricate engraving, or a perfectly placed gemstone, you can be confident that every detail has been thoughtfully considered. The result is jewelry that is not only visually stunning but also exudes a sense of craftsmanship and quality.

It is this attention to detail that sets Konstantino Jewelry apart from other brands. Their commitment to excellence in design is evident in every piece, making their jewelry a true work of art.

Skilled artisans and craftsmanship

Konstantino Jewelry is known for its exceptional craftsmanship and attention to detail. Each piece of jewelry is meticulously handcrafted by skilled artisans who have honed their craft for years. The brand takes pride in its commitment to preserving traditional jewelry-making techniques, ensuring that every piece is a work of art.

From intricate filigree work to hand-carved detailing, Konstantino Jewelry showcases the skill and artistry of the craftsmen behind each piece. The brand’s dedication to quality is evident in the fine details and exquisite finishes of their jewelry.

Whether it’s a delicate pendant or a statement ring, Konstantino Jewelry is created with passion and expertise. The brand’s artisans use only the finest materials, including sterling silver and 18k gold, to create their masterpieces.

With their meticulous attention to detail and commitment to craftsmanship, Konstantino Jewelry stands apart from mass-produced jewelry brands. Each piece is a testament to the brand’s dedication to creating timeless and unique pieces that will be cherished for generations.

Wide Selection for Every Occasion

One of the standout features of Konstantino Jewelry is its wide selection of designs for every occasion. Whether you’re looking for a piece to wear to a formal event or something more casual for everyday wear, Konstantino has you covered.

From elegant necklaces to statement rings, each piece is meticulously crafted with attention to detail. The brand offers a range of styles, from classic and timeless to bold and contemporary.

One of the reasons why Konstantino Jewelry stands out is its use of high-quality materials. The brand uses sterling silver and 18k gold, as well as precious gemstones like diamonds, sapphires, and rubies. This ensures that each piece is not only beautiful but also durable and long-lasting.

Whether you prefer delicate and understated jewelry or pieces that make a statement, there is something for everyone in Konstantino’s collection. The brand also offers a variety of sizes, so you can find the perfect fit for your wrist or finger.

When it comes to finding the perfect jewelry for any occasion, Konstantino Jewelry is the real deal. With its wide selection of designs and high-quality materials, you can trust that you’re getting a piece that will last for years to come.

Elegant pieces for formal events

If you’re looking for exquisite jewelry to wear to a formal event, Konstantino Jewelry has a wide selection of elegant pieces that will surely make a statement. Whether you’re attending a wedding, a gala, or a black-tie affair, their jewelry is designed to add a touch of sophistication to any outfit.

One of their standout pieces is the Konstantino Silver and 18k Gold Necklace. Crafted with intricate details and made with the finest materials, this necklace is a true work of art. The combination of silver and gold creates a luxurious look that is perfect for a formal occasion.

For those who prefer a more understated elegance, the Konstantino Diamond Stud Earrings are a great choice. These earrings feature a classic design with a twist, thanks to the addition of sparkling diamonds. They will add a subtle touch of glamour to your overall look.

Another popular option is the Konstantino Sterling Silver Bracelet. With its intricate filigree design, this bracelet will add a touch of elegance to any wrist. It can be worn alone or stacked with other bracelets for a more dramatic effect.

These are just a few examples of the elegant pieces that Konstantino Jewelry has to offer. Their attention to detail and commitment to quality make them a trusted choice for those seeking timeless and sophisticated jewelry for formal events.

Casual and trendy options for everyday wear

When it comes to everyday jewelry, Konstantino offers a wide range of casual and trendy options that are perfect for any occasion. Whether you’re going to work, running errands, or meeting up with friends, these pieces are designed to add a touch of elegance and style to your outfit.

One popular choice is the Konstantino Sterling Silver and 18k Gold Choker Necklace. This versatile piece can be worn with a simple t-shirt and jeans for a casual look, or dressed up with a little black dress for a night out. The combination of sterling silver and 18k gold creates a unique and eye-catching design that is sure to turn heads.

If you prefer something a bit more understated, the Konstantino Sterling Silver and Mother of Pearl Drop Earrings are a great option. These delicate earrings feature a teardrop-shaped mother of pearl stone surrounded by intricate sterling silver detailing. They add a touch of elegance to any outfit and can be worn from day to night.

For those who like to make a statement, the Konstantino Sterling Silver and Blue Topaz Cocktail Ring is a must-have. This bold ring features a stunning blue topaz stone set in a intricate sterling silver band. It’s the perfect accessory to add a pop of color and personality to your everyday look.

Overall, Konstantino offers a variety of casual and trendy options for everyday wear. Whether you’re looking for a simple necklace, a pair of earrings, or a statement ring, you’re sure to find something that fits your style. With their high-quality craftsmanship and attention to detail, Konstantino jewelry is definitely the real deal.

Statement jewelry for special occasions

When it comes to special occasions, nothing makes a statement quite like a piece of jewelry from Konstantino. Known for their exquisite craftsmanship and attention to detail, Konstantino offers a wide range of statement pieces that are perfect for adding a touch of elegance and glamour to any outfit.

Whether you’re attending a wedding, a gala, or a black-tie event, Konstantino has the perfect piece to complete your look. From bold, oversized earrings to intricate statement necklaces, their collection features designs that are sure to turn heads and make a lasting impression.

One of the standout pieces from Konstantino’s collection is their “Hermione” statement necklace. Crafted from sterling silver and adorned with semi-precious gemstones, this necklace features a stunning combination of intricate detailing and bold design. It’s the perfect accessory to elevate any evening gown or cocktail dress.

If earrings are more your style, Konstantino offers a range of options that are sure to dazzle. Their “Athena” chandelier earrings are a true showstopper, featuring a cascade of sterling silver and 18k gold accents. These earrings are guaranteed to add a touch of drama and sophistication to any ensemble.

In addition to their statement necklaces and earrings, Konstantino also offers a variety of bracelets and rings that are perfect for special occasions. Their “Aphrodite” bracelet, featuring intricate filigree detailing and semi-precious gemstones, is a beautiful choice for adding a touch of glamour to your wrist.

Overall, if you’re looking for statement jewelry that is sure to make an impact, look no further than Konstantino. With their impeccable craftsmanship and stunning designs, their collection of statement pieces is the perfect choice for any special occasion.

Comparisons to other Jewelry Brands

When it comes to comparing Konstantino Jewelry to other brands in the market, there are a few key factors to consider.

Firstly, the craftsmanship of Konstantino Jewelry is unparalleled. Each piece is meticulously handcrafted by skilled artisans, ensuring the highest level of quality and attention to detail. This level of craftsmanship sets Konstantino Jewelry apart from many other brands that rely on mass production techniques.

In terms of design, Konstantino Jewelry offers a unique blend of traditional Greek motifs and contemporary elements. This distinctive design aesthetic sets it apart from more mainstream jewelry brands that often follow current trends. Konstantino Jewelry pieces are timeless and can be worn for years to come.

Another factor to consider is the materials used in Konstantino Jewelry. The brand prides itself on using only the finest materials, including sterling silver, 18k gold, and precious gemstones. This commitment to quality ensures that each piece of jewelry is not only visually stunning but also durable and long-lasting.

When it comes to pricing, Konstantino Jewelry falls within the luxury jewelry category. While it may be more expensive than some mainstream brands, the quality and craftsmanship justify the price. It is important to remember that when investing in jewelry, it is often worth paying a premium for a piece that will stand the test of time.

In conclusion, Konstantino Jewelry stands out among other brands in terms of craftsmanship, design, materials, and pricing. If you are looking for a unique, high-quality piece of jewelry that will make a statement, Konstantino Jewelry is definitely worth considering.

Final Verdict: Is Konstantino Jewelry Worth Trying?

After thoroughly reviewing Konstantino Jewelry, it is safe to say that it is indeed worth trying. The brand offers a wide range of exquisite and unique jewelry pieces that are crafted with exceptional attention to detail.

One of the standout features of Konstantino Jewelry is its use of high-quality materials, including sterling silver and 18k gold. The brand also incorporates beautiful gemstones and intricate designs, resulting in truly stunning pieces that are sure to turn heads.

In addition to the craftsmanship, Konstantino Jewelry also offers a variety of styles to suit different tastes and occasions. Whether you’re looking for a statement necklace, a delicate bracelet, or a bold ring, you’ll find something that speaks to your personal style.

Furthermore, customer reviews and testimonials speak highly of the brand’s quality and customer service. Many customers praise the longevity of Konstantino Jewelry and its ability to withstand everyday wear and tear.

While Konstantino Jewelry may come with a higher price tag compared to other brands, the investment is well worth it. The brand’s pieces are not only timeless but also hold their value over time, making them a worthwhile addition to any jewelry collection.

In conclusion, if you’re in search of elegant and unique jewelry that is crafted with the utmost care and attention to detail, Konstantino Jewelry is definitely worth trying. With its exceptional quality and timeless designs, you’re sure to find a piece that will become a cherished heirloom.

Konstantino Jewelry Review is it The Real Deal or A Sham | Customers Reviews

GOOD REVIEWS⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

One of the most telling signs that Konstantino Jewelry is the real deal is the overwhelming positive feedback from satisfied customers. Many people who have purchased jewelry from the brand rave about the quality, craftsmanship, and unique designs.

Customers often praise the attention to detail and the luxurious feel of the jewelry. They appreciate the intricate designs and the use of high-quality materials, such as sterling silver and gemstones.

Furthermore, customers report that the jewelry from Konstantino is durable and long-lasting. They mention that even after years of wear, the pieces still look as beautiful as the day they were purchased.

Additionally, the customer service provided by Konstantino is often praised. Customers mention that the brand is responsive and helpful, answering any questions or concerns promptly.

Overall, the positive feedback from customers serves as a testament to the authenticity and quality of Konstantino Jewelry. It is clear that many customers are extremely satisfied with their purchases and would highly recommend the brand to others.

NEUTRAL REVIEWS⭐⭐⭐

While many customers have had positive experiences with Konstantino Jewelry, there have been some who have left neutral feedback. These customers were generally satisfied with the quality and design of the jewelry but had some minor issues or concerns.

Some customers mentioned that the jewelry took longer than expected to arrive, causing them to wait longer than anticipated. Others commented that the sizing of the jewelry was not accurate and had to exchange or return their purchase.

Additionally, a few customers mentioned that they experienced difficulties when contacting customer service for assistance or inquiries. They stated that the response time was slow or that their issues were not fully resolved.

Despite these neutral feedback, many customers still praised the craftsmanship and uniqueness of Konstantino Jewelry. It is important to consider these neutral feedback and weigh them against the overall positive reputation of the brand.

BAD REVIEWS⭐

While there are many positive reviews about Konstantino Jewelry, it is important to note that there are also some negative feedback from customers. These negative reviews highlight certain issues that customers have experienced with the brand.

Some customers have complained about the quality of the jewelry, stating that it is not as durable as they expected. They have reported that the jewelry tarnishes easily or that stones fall out after a short period of time. This can be disappointing, especially considering the price point of Konstantino Jewelry.

Others have mentioned difficulties with customer service. They have stated that it was difficult to get a response from the company when they had questions or concerns about their purchase. Some customers have also reported issues with returns or exchanges, claiming that the process was complicated or that they were not satisfied with the resolution.

It is worth noting that negative feedback is not uncommon for any brand, and it is possible that these experiences are isolated incidents. However, it is important for potential customers to be aware of these negative reviews so they can make an informed decision when considering purchasing Konstantino Jewelry.

Konstantino Jewelry Review is it The Real Deal or A Sham: